AILA
ADVOCACY UPDATE
Vol. 5, No.2, February 27, 2001

AILA Member Lobby Day * Washington D.C. * Thursday, March 22, 2001

Advocacy in support of our pro-immigration agenda is all the more important given a new Administration and Congress. Join us in Washington, D.C. to advocate for our top issues. Visit your Members of Congress as part of AILA’s March 22, 2001 Washington, D.C. Lobby Day! To participate, just schedule an appointment with your Members of Congress. Contact your Member of Congress by calling the Congressional Switchboard at (202) 224-3121, or go to “Contact Congress” in the Advocacy Center on InfoNet to find out who your Representatives and Senators are and their contact information. Start your day with a briefing on the Do’s and Don’ts of lobbying and a review of important immigration legislation at the Renaissance Hotel or attend a noon briefing on the Hill. For more information or to let us know you will be attending Lobby Day, contact Supriya Satpathy at ssatpathy@aila.org or 202-216-2417. AILA members, please see registration form at the end of this Advocacy Update.

LEGISLATIVE UPDATE

Bush and Fox Meet in Mexico--Migration High on the Agenda; US/Mexico Group Issues Recommendations

President Bush made his first trip to visit a foreign head of state by meeting with President Vicente Fox of Mexico on Friday, February 16. Although their meeting was brief, the Presidents announced two initiatives dealing with migration between the two countries: the launch of cabinet-level discussions on the issue of migration and the creation of a high-level working group on border operations. The Secretary of State and Attorney General of the United States and the Secretary of Foreign Relations and the Secretary of the Interior of Mexico will lead these cabinet-level discussions. This Binational Commission will aim to achieve "short and long-term agreements that will allow us to constructively address migration and labor issues between our two countries.” The border working group will “identify specific steps each country can take to improve the efficiency of border operations.”

While the two governments did not discuss specific initiatives, many immigration advocates hope the two governments will constructively address long-standing immigration issues, including U.S. enforcement along the Mexican border, the large undocumented population in the U.S. (a large percentage of which is Mexican) and the ongoing need for workers in the United States. President Fox previously said that he hopes to achieve a relationship between the two countries that would allow for the free flow of people across the border. Mexican officials have called for more humane treatment of border-crossers and an easing of U.S. enforcement efforts on the border, more legal avenues for Mexicans to work in the U.S., and legal protections for undocumented Mexicans already living here. Meanwhile, during the Presidential campaign, Mr. Bush supported increasing temporary visas for agriculture (H-2A) and high-tech (H-1B) workers, but, as President, has not commented on any specific legalization proposals. He has said he does not believe amnesty is the best way to address the problem of illegal immigrants. Neither President Bush nor President Fox endorsed any specific proposals during this trip, including the guest-worker proposal of Senator Phil Gramm (R-TX) (reviewed in an earlier update).

In recommendations released to coincide with the meeting in Mexico, a joint U.S.-Mexican Working Group convened by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s International Migration Policy Program and the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México’s Faculty of International Relations called for a “grand bargain” between the two countries on migration matters. This grand bargain would involve improving the treatment of Mexican migrants through various legalization measures for undocumented Mexicans in the United States, expanding the legal work visas available to migrants, and equalizing the treatment of Mexican citizens under NAFTA immigration provisions. The panel also called for cracking down on immigrant smugglers and preventing dangerous border crossings. The Working Group also recommended that the U.S. freeze additional construction of fences along the Mexican border pending review of its enforcement policies by the new binational commission. Finally, the joint panel recommended a border discussion similar to that announced by President Bush and President Fox.

Immigrant advocates are hopeful that new dialogues on migration issues can form the basis for real improvements in the ability of immigrants to live and work legally in the U.S. The announcements by the two Presidents also signal the possibility for a new, more positive tone in the continuing immigration debate.

Senate to Name Brownback as Immigration Chair

The Senate Judiciary Committee is set to name Sam Brownback (R-KS) as the new chair of the Immigration Subcommittee. Senator Brownback takes up the gavel from Spencer Abraham (R-MI), who, following his defeat in November by Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-MI), took the position of Secretary of Energy in the Bush Administration.

Senator Brownback was elected to the Senate in 1996 to fill Bob Dole’s seat, which he vacated for his failed presidential bid. The Senator previously served on the Senate Commerce and Joint Economic Committees, and was named this year to the Judiciary Committee along with Senator Mitch McConnell (R-KY). He is well known as a conservative in his party on social issues, but on occasion has taken positions at odds with the Republican leadership.

On immigration issues, Senator Brownback has strongly supported business immigration issues, co-sponsoring the H-1B bills in 1998 and 2000. He also co-sponsored a bill that would have required the INS to provide a means for employers targeted by Operation Vanguard (the INS initiative targeting undocumented immigrants in the meatpacking industry in the Midwest) to verify the employment eligibility of their employees, or be exempt from penalties under those investigative operations. In addition, Senator Brownback co-sponsored a bill last year with Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT), which he intends to reintroduce this session, that would have ameliorated the impact of expedited removal on asylum seekers and refugees. He also was the chief sponsor of the International Trafficking Act of 2000 that provides immigration avenues for victims of international trafficking. While a House member, Mr. Brownback was a key ally of pro-immigration advocates during the 1996 “Split the Bill” campaign.

Senator Brownback’s staff has indicated that the Senator intends to lead the Immigration Subcommittee “in the Abraham tradition.” Immigration advocates hope that this means a positive tone and attitude toward immigrants and the contributions they make to the United States and hearings and legislation that reflect this stance. AILA looks forward to working with the Senator and his staff.

The Effort To Restore Fairness and Proportionality Continues in the New Congress

The 1996 immigration laws violate core American principles of law, justice and fairness.  Specifically, these laws subject long-time lawful permanent residents to deportation for minor offenses that may have occurred years in the past.  The 1996 laws are merciless: providing for no second chances, changing the rules in the middle of the game, and denying people their day in court.  During the 106th Congress, AILA and our coalition partners worked with our congressional allies to fix the overly harsh 1996 laws and restore fairness and proportionality to our immigration laws.  The media nationwide continues to profile the cases of many people who have been hurt by these laws. Members of Congress who had supported the 1996 laws now recognize that they went too far and must be changed.  Our efforts will continue in the 107th Congress. Legislation already has been introduced that deals with the hardships created by the 1996 laws, and other bills shortly will be introduced.

Representative Bob Filner (D-CA), on January 3, introduced the “Keeping Families Together” Act of 2001 (H.R. 87).  This bill would repeal many of the harsh aspects of the 1996 laws, including the overly broad definition of "aggravated felony", the mandatory detention policies, the “stop-time” provisions, and most of the retroactivity provisions.  In addition, the bill would bring fairness and proportionality to our immigration laws by restoring both discretionary waivers that allow immigration judges to review all the facts of case and the right of immigrants to seek judicial review of decisions by the Immigration and Nationality Service.

Representative Luis Gutierrez (D-IL), on February 7, introduced the U.S. Employee, Family Unity, and Legalization Act.  The bill, H.R. 500, would eliminate the retroactivity of most provisions of our immigration laws, restore proportionality to the grounds of removal, eliminate the 3- and 10-year bars to inadmissibility for unlawful presence, and expand the new V visa created by the LIFE Act to all spouses and children if legal permanent residents, not just those waiting 3 years or more, and victims of domestic violence.  (The bill also sets an ambitious goal of expanding the registry provisions and updating the date to 2001 by means of a “rolling date” that starts in 1996.)

These efforts reflect the belief that our immigration laws should target criminals and terrorists, not long-term lawful residents and their families.  AILA will continue to work with our congressional allies coalition partners to restore basic fairness to our immigration laws.

Ashcroft Confirmed as A.G.; Answers Senate Questions

The Senate on February 1 confirmed John Ashcroft as Attorney General by a 58-42 vote. Many of the lawmakers who opposed the former Missouri Senator cited his conservative record on civil rights, abortion, and gun control to explain their vote against him confirmation. Prior to his confirmation, Mr. Ashcroft submitted written responses to questions from members of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Reprinted below are excerpts from some of these responses.

While a Republican Senator from Missouri, Mr. Ashcroft voted in support of H-1B visas and against most of AILA’s other high priority issues. In addition, his voting record on civil rights cited by congressional opponents suggests that he may not be sympathetic to AILA’s due process concerns.

INS Restructuring

Q: President Bush has stated that he supports a comprehensive reform of the INS, similar to legislation Senator Spencer Abraham and I [Senator Edward Kennedy] introduced last Congress. This plan would separate the enforcement and service functions of the INS, but keep them under one agency headed by an Associate Attorney General. Maintaining a strong central authority ensures a uniform and coherent immigration policy, resulting in both strong and fair enforcement of our immigration laws, and efficient delivery of immigration services. As Attorney General, how do you envision balancing the INS's often conflicting missions of enforcement and services? What measures would you propose to ensure adequate funding for the service functions?

A: I will strongly support the President's proposal to reform the INS comprehensively and divide it into separate service and enforcement agencies.

Expedited Removal

Q: As Attorney General, would you support legislation, such as that introduced by Senator Brownback and Senator Leahy, to limit the use of expedited removal?

A: Although I cannot comment on specific legislation, I believe we should treat those fleeing persecution with compassion and fairness. America was founded as a beacon of hope to the world, and that is a heritage we should continue.

Due Process

Q: As Attorney General would you support changes in the immigration law that would eliminate the retroactive application of these provisions, restore discretion to immigration judges to make case-by-case determinations, and restore judicial review?

A: I am certainly troubled by some of the stories that have emerged as a result of the 1996 law. I know that there have been both legislative and administrative attempts to address these kinds of concerns, and I look forward to working with you to see if we can find a way to do so while at the same time allowing for the swift removal of serious or violent criminals.

Secret Evidence

Q: The INS is currently using secret evidence -- undisclosed classified information -- to deny bond, asylum, and other immigration benefits to non-citizens, who it claims are risks to national security. President Bush has called this an unfair practice . . . Would you support the Secret Evidence Repeal Act -- which President Bush spoke favorably of during the Presidential debates?

A: I am troubled by some of the stories I have heard about the use of secret evidence and believe that such uses must be reconciled with due process. While I cannot comment on specific legislation, I look forward to working with you to find a way, consistent with national security, to protect the rights of citizens and aspiring citizens coming to our nation.

General Immigration Questions

Q: Are there any aspects of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act that you would support changing?

A: I have not examined the provisions of the 1996 legislation closely, but am aware that many people have raised a number of potential issues resulting from that legislation. If confirmed, I will study these issues carefully and work with the President and Congress to develop any reforms that might be needed to make the immigration laws fairer, more effective, and more humane.

Q: Would you support giving veterans of our armed forces an individualized hearing before being deported for relatively minor criminal offenses? Would you support giving other long-term residents of the United States individualized hearings before they are deported for similar offenses?

A: I believe that every individual appearing before our courts of law should be accorded the full protections of Due Process.

Q: Under the current expedited removal system, also adopted in 1996, there is strong evidence that aliens fleeing religious, political, or other forms of persecution may be summarily returned to their native countries without ever even appearing before an immigration judge. As Attorney General, would you be willing to conduct a review of this program?

A: Yes.

Q: During his campaign, President Bush called for the expenditure of $500 million over five years to reduce the immigration backlog. If confirmed as Attorney General, will you work to include in the President's budget additional funding for reducing the backlog in immigration benefits adjudications?

A: If confirmed, I will work diligently to support the President's agenda in this area.

Q: Can we count on your support for the provision of directly appropriated funds for reducing the backlog in immigration benefits adjudications, along the lines of my proposal and the President-Elect's proposal, to supplement the funds that are derived from the fee accounts?

A: As mentioned above, if confirmed, I will work diligently to support the President's agenda in this area.

Q: Even when Congress appropriates funds to the INS, management problems within the agency have affected the efficient use of these funds. What steps will you take to ensure that these funds are used as intended and will result in the efficient and timely processing of immigrant petitions and naturalization applications?

A: It is important that funds intended for a specific use be devoted to that use. If confirmed as Attorney General, I will work to ensure that appropriated funds are used as intended, and deployed to promote efficient and timely processing of immigrant petitions and naturalization applications. I will coordinate closely with all responsible officials in the INS.

Q: We can all agree that we have a large number of unlawful migrants here, and they come because employers offer them work opportunities. If you are interested in controlling illegal immigration, what policies would you put in place to enforce the immigration laws at the work place?

A: If confirmed, I would fully and fairly enforce all of the laws relating to immigration--both legal and illegal. By enforcing such laws vigorously, we can, I believe, both control illegal immigration and promote the interests of those who are in this country lawfully.

107^th Congress: Recently Introduced Bills

Here is a list of some of the bills introduced in this session of the 107^th Congress:

S. 121, Unaccompanied Alien Child Protection Act of 2001, introduced by Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) on January 22, would establish an Office of Children's Services within the Department of Justice to coordinate and implement government actions involving unaccompanied alien children, and for other purposes.

H.R. 87, Keeping Families Together Act of  2001, introduced by Representative Bob Filner (D-CA) on January 3, would amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to restore certain provisions relating to the definition of aggravated felony and other provisions as they were before the enactment of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996.

H.R. 348, Central American and Haitian Adjustment Act of 1999, introduced by Representative Luis Gutierrez (D-IL) on January 31, would amend the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act to provide to certain nationals of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Haiti an opportunity to apply for adjustment of status under that act, and for other purposes.

H.R. 357, Liberian Refugee Immigration Protection Act of 2001 introduced by Representative Patrick Kennedy (D-RI) on January 31, would adjust the immigration status of certain Liberian nationals who were provided refuge in the United States.

H.R. 500, U.S. Employee, Family Unity, and Legalization Act introduced by Representative Luis Gutierrez (D-IL) on February 7, calls for changes in the INA including a change of entry date into the United States for purposes of a record of admission for permanent residence for certain aliens; the elimination of retroactive application; restoration of proportionality to grounds of removal; elimination of prohibition on admission for aliens who have been unlawfully present in the United States; visas for certain spouses and children of citizens and permanent residents temporarily waiting for visa numbers; and the establishment of a national task force on the exploitation of and trafficking of immigrants.

H.R. 531, introduced by Representative Howard Berman (D-CA) on February 8, would designate El Salvador under section 244 of the INA in order to render nationals of such foreign state eligible for temporary protected status under such section.

H.R. 690, Permanent Partners Immigration Act of 2001, introduced by Representative Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) on February 14, would amend the INA to provide a mechanism for U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents to sponsor their permanent partners for residence in the United States.

H.R. 707, introduced by Representative Christopher Smith (R-NJ) on February 21, would amend the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act to provide to certain nationals of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Haiti an opportunity to apply for adjustment of status under that act.

IMMIGRATION AROUND THE NATION 

Members & Staff in the News. Mark Kocal was quoted in a February 21 Chicago Tribune article about INS granting asylum to a boy on the basis of disability discrimination. Cheryl Little and Ben Johnson were quoted in a February 20 Florida Times-Union article about indefinite detainees. Philip Berns and Michael Boyle were quoted in a February 20 New York Times article about workshops to educate immigrants about Section 245(i). Leonor Perretta was quoted in a February 19 Deseret News article about residency status. Rosalba Pina was quoted in a February 15 Chicago Tribune article about Section 245(i). Suparna Malempati was quoted in a February 15 Atlanta Journal-Constitution article about an asylum hearing for a refugee from Sierra Leone. A letter to the editor about the economic benefits of immigrants written by Maria Isabel Casablanca was published in the February 12 Miami Herald. G.R. Mahmood was quoted in an article about the retroactivity of IIRAIRA published in the February 11 Huntsville Times. A letter to the editor by Peter Ashman about immigrants helping the economy was published in the February 11 Las Vegas Review-Journal. Socheat Chea was cited in a February 10 New York Times column about IIRAIRA. George Hepner was quoted in a February 8 Portland Press article about the effect of immigrants on the Maine economy. Nancy Morawetz was quoted in a February 7 New York Daily News article about IIRAIRA. Boris Rubinstein and Gail Pendleton were quoted in a February 4 Seattle Times article about so-called “mail-order” brides. Joe McDoulett was quoted in an article about Section 245(i) published in the February 4 Daily Oklahoman. Joseph Rivas was quoted in a February 3 Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel article about IIRAIRA’s effect on undocumented college students.

Immigration Issues in the News

Adoptions. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution published a February 22 article about the rising number of U.S. families adopting foreign-born children.

Asylum. The Washington Times ran a February 23 article about the INS granting asylum to a Pakistan boy on the basis that his autism would lead to persecution and possible torture. An article on the same topic was published by Associated Press on February 22. The Bergen County Record ran a January 28 article about detained asylum seekers.

Citizenship. Associated Press ran a February 15 dispatch about a World War II veteran receiving his citizenship after living in the U.S. for 78 years.

Due Process. Numerous newspapers ran articles about oral arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court on two IIRAIRA cases (February 22 Boston Globe and Associated Press, February 21 Washington Post). Shm.com reported February 13 that the INS detains undocumented immigrants not convicted of crimes for behavioral problems.  The Cincinnati Enquirer ran a February 12 article about Joao Herbert, a Brazilian adoptee, deported for a single marijuana conviction in 1997. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution ran a February 10 article about Mary Anne Gehris receiving her citizenship. Ms. Gehris had been threatened with deportation for pulling a woman’s hair in 1988. The New York Daily News ran a February 6 article about an INS plan to deport a woman granted clemency for drug violations.

Economics. The Washington Times ran a February 22 column discussing the economic benefit of immigrants performing essential work. A February 12 article in The Christian Science Monitor reported that immigrants are helping stabilize the Social Security System. The Portland Press ran a February 9 article about immigrants helping waterfront businesses. The Boston Globe ran a February 6 article about the economic benefits of immigrants.

A January 30 column in The Miami Herald noted the economic benefits of both documented and undocumented immigrants. The International Herald-Tribune ran a January 30 article about immigrants supporting the Social Security and Medicare system. The Lincoln Journal-Star ran a January 29 about a speech by Linda Chavez supporting immigration.

Editorials. A February 23 Washington Post editorial called on President Bush to grant TPS to Salvadorans in light of the recent earthquakes. The Wall Street Journal published a February 15 editorial attacking restrictionist groups that oppose Mexican immigration. The Los Angeles Times published a February 8 editorial calling on Congress to allocate money for costs related to undocumented immigrants. A February 7 editorial in the San Antonio Express-News called on the federal government to hire more judges for courts along the Southeast border. The Corpus Christi Caller-Times ran a February 7 editorial opposing Senator Phil Gramm’s guest-worker proposal. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution ran a February 6 editorial calling for due process reforms of IIRAIRA. The San Jose Mercury-News ran a January 29 editorial supporting guest-worker programs.

Guest Workers. The Wall Street Journal ran a February 12 article about a guest-worker proposal put forth by Senator Phil Gramm (R-TX). A similar article ran in the February 12 San Jose Mercury-News. A column in the February 12 Los Angeles Times called on linking guest workers to a legalization program. A February 9 Associated Press dispatch reported that Presidents Bush and Fox backed guest-worker programs. Knight-Ridder Newspapers reported February 9 that Mexican President Fox would lobby President Bush to expand guest worker programs. The San Antonio Express-News ran a February 6 column criticizing Senator Gramm’s proposal.

Immigration. A February 20 article in Newsday reported that New York Catholics believe that Edward Cardinal Egan could help immigrants. The Washington Times ran a February 21 article about an increase in the number of immigrants pursuing doctoral degrees at U.S. universities. Arizona Central ran a February 12 interview with a Mexican immigrant who wrote a book about her life. The New York Times ran a February 11 article about the history of immigration to the U.S. The Mobile Register ran a February 8 article about new records on-line at the State of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation.

The Pawtucket Times ran a January 29 article about Hispanic immigrants in Rhode Island. The Washington Post ran January 28 articles about Salvadoran immigrants assisting earthquake victims in El Salvador, and the closing of a 24-year-old restaurant owned by a Chinese immigrant. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch ran a January 28 article about immigrant children learning English.

Indefinite Detention. A number of newspapers reported on a Supreme Court case that could decide the legality of indefinite detention (February 21 Washington Post, Christian Science Monitor, February 20 CNN.com). A January 30 Associated Press article reported on a Cuban immigrant detained for three years.

INS Enforcement. A February 23 article in The Christian Science Monitor reported that fewer immigrants are attempting to enter without inspection at the southern border. The Arizona Republic carried a February 21 article about a bill that would require local authorities to report immigrants to the INS. The Modesto Bee reported February 12 that local police detained and handed over to the INS more than 4,000 suspected undocumented immigrants over the last two years. Newsday ran a February 12 article about INS efforts to warn undocumented immigrants of the risks of sneaking into the U.S. A February 9 Los Angeles Times article reported that a city agency ordered police officers not to stop people solely based on their immigration status. The Los Angeles Times reported February 7 that local police officers turned over to INS a Columbian woman arrested for failing to show a driver’s license. The Seattle Times ran a February 7 column arguing that local police should not enforce immigration laws. World Net Daily published a February 5 column attacking a University of Houston study that blamed immigrant deaths on INS enforcement policies. A January 29 column in The Arizona Republic attacked a proposal that would allow local police to detain suspected undocumented immigrants.

INS Reorganization. NRO.com ran a February 14 column about the politics of INS reorganization.

Legalization. An article in the February 17 Chicago Tribune reported that Mayor Daley endorsed a legalization bill sponsored by Representative Luis Gutierrez (D-IL). Numerous publications ran articles about the legislation (February 8 Boston Globe, Washington Times, February 7 Knoxville News, McClatchy Newspapers).

LIFE Act. The New York Times ran a February 20 article about workshops held to educate immigrants on the LIFE Act and Section 245(i). Associated Press ran a February 19 dispatch about Section 245(i). Similar articles ran in the February 7 Fort Worth Star-Telegram and February 6 Yakima Herald-Republic.

Mexico. Numerous newspapers reported on the talks between Presidents Bush and Fox that included immigration (February 20 Christian Science Monitor, February 17 Boston Globe, February 16 Orange County Register, February 15 Dallas Morning News, Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel and International Herald-Tribune, February 12 Chicago Sun-Times, February 12 Front Page Magazine, February 9 Newsday, and January 29 Christian Science Monitor). Associated Press ran a February 14 article about a Carnegie Endowment for International Peace report recommending drastic changes in U.S.-Mexican immigration law. A similar article ran February 14 on Reuters. The San Antonio Star-Telegram ran a February 14 article about a University of Houston study linking deaths along the Mexican border with stepped-up INS enforcement. Numerous articles reported on the decline of undocumented entrants along the Mexican border (February 7 Chicago Tribune, February 6 Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, February 6 Los Angeles Daily News, January 27 Daily Dispatch).

Notarios. The Houston Chronicle published a February 12 article about notarios using Section 245(i) to lure immigrants. The Los Angeles Times ran a February 10 article about immigrants seeking residency being duped by notarios.

Politics. The New York Times ran a February 8 article about the undocumented immigrant Linda Chavez had sheltered during the 1980s. The Miami Herald ran a January 31 article about Attorney General Ashcroft’s views on Cuba and Cuban refugees.

Restrictionists. A February 21 article in The Denver Post reported on complaints that immigrants are causing population growth and urban sprawl. The Washington Times ran a February 19 article alleging that the State Department allows visitors to overstay their visas. The Las Vegas Review-Journal published a January 31 column attacking immigration. ABCNews.com ran a January 29 article about restrictionist activities in California and Arizona. The Washington Post ran a January 28 article about a bill before the Virginia Senate that would have limited the number of unrelated people sharing a house (the sponsor later withdrew the measure).

Secret Evidence. Associated Press ran a February 19 dispatch about the ABA voting to oppose the use of secret evidence in immigration cases.

Unions. The Los Angeles Times ran a January 28 article about labor union efforts to organize undocumented workers.

 Contributors:

Jeanne A. Butterfield, Executive Director of AILA
Judith E. Golub, Senior Director of Advocacy and Public Affairs
Theresa C. Brown, Associate Director of Business Immigration
Matt Tallmer, Public Affairs Manager
Ben Johnson, Associate Director
Supriya Satpathy, Administrative Assistant

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Copyright © 2001, American Immigration Lawyers Association